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M P L O Y M E N T
Job Prospects For 1999 - More Opportunity, More Risk
by Sheila Beezen
Allison Levin is no longer a money-maker. She no
longer handles clients' accounts, bringing in revenue for her newly
merged firm, the behemoth of the financial services consulting world,
PricewaterhouseCoopers. Instead, she contemplates the advantages
of sabbaticals for her company's busy workers. She mulls the need
for concierge services. If someone walks employees' dogs, will that
free people to concentrate on their work?
As head of a newly created office, Levin believes
she is marching along with a vanguard of better-managed businesses
that are savvy to employee needs. "We have a real strong belief
that you stay where you are because you like what you are doing
and you like who you are working with," she said.
You can expect more such voices in Corporate America
in 1999. Faced with a dearth of workers for certain jobs and greater
time and performance demands on those now employed, some businesses
find that being nice is a good technique. Workplace USA will see
other nuances in 1999 in the relationship between workers and bosses,
but much of what is likely to take place will be advances in long-brewing
developments:
Coping with time-squeezed jobs. Finding job parity
for women, minority and disabled workers. Confronting workplace
dilemmas such as racial and sexual harassment. Dealing with a thickening
forest of undertrained, underqualified workers. Adjusting to a strange
new workplace of just-in-time workers and loosening bonds between
workers and their companies.
Besides these issues, there are some relatively
new ones:
- What are the boundaries for workers and bosses
in the new electronic office? Where does a worker's privacy stop
and a company's authority take over in a world of flickering computer
screens? Will owners of telemarketing and other low-wage facilities
turn their high-tech workplaces into electronic sweatshops?
- Where do workers find protection and economic
security in a world of diminished pension plans, ever rising health
care costs and the virtual end of lifetime jobs?
- As the welfare rolls shrink under a federal mandate
to move recipients into the workplace mainstream, what kinds of
positions will businesses have on hand for those who lagged behind
the early job-seeking efforts?
As these issues evolve in 1999, one of the most
critical challenges for Corporate America is finding and retaining
workers in an era of persistently low unemployment.
"Companies are beginning to realize that public
statements from the CEO are not enough. The question is whether
their own management walks the talk," said Judy Winfrey, a management
consultant for Hewitt Associates of suburban Lincolnshire.
This does not mean that Workplace USA is going to
be a kinder, more nurturing hearth for everyone in 1999. As consultant
Winfrey also suggests, "the cold shoulder has not changed" for those
whose career path has hit an obstacle, or those who no longer fit
with the company's plans. But for those in demand, such as high-tech
professionals, market-sharpened financial services experts, corporate
executives with stellar records or skilled factory workers, this
could mean better offers are out there, complete with hiring bonuses,
or more perks from your current company to convince you to stay
where you are.
In terms of pay trends, the use of annual increases
is likely to shrink as companies rely more on pay-for-performance
plans. Many companies also are leaning more heavily on lump-sum
payments as a way to keep down long-term costs. For those companies
with union contracts, the inclination is toward longer contacts
as a way to control and flatten out pay spirals. Overall, workers
for American businesses received an average 2.7 percent yearly pay
increase, when adjusted for inflation, according to annual figures
as of September. That was the highest one-year pay hike for non-government
employees since the U.S. Labor Department began its record-keeping
in 1976.
As for their bosses, 1999 may bring some changes
in the way they are rewarded.
If the U.S. stock market cools down, then so will
the upward spike in compensation for executives, who have benefited
handsomely from cashing in their stock options in recent years.
Companies also are likely to employ rewards other than stock options,
such as long-term cash payments, as incentives to executives in
addition to their regular salaries, says Erin Milligan, a Chicago-based
benefits expert with William M. Mercer Inc., a business consulting
firm.
Another route companies may take, she said, is providing
low-interest loans for executives to purchase large amounts of company
stock. That acts as a signal to investors that the firm's executives
are committed to the company, she explains, and at the same time
raises the possibility of great financial rewards if the stock advances.
In the area of benefits, says Chicago attorney Columbus
"Chris" Gangemi, watch for a lot of legal battles over how far companies
must go in providing benefits to workers who are hired on short-
or long-term contracts through outside employers.
And legal struggles also loom regarding the issue
of sexual harassment on the job. The Supreme Court last year laid
down the rules for employers: If a company sets up a system to deal
with harassment, but workers do not avail themselves of it, then
employers do not face a legal risk. Now the question is what kind
of systems are necessary, and new lower court rulings are likely
to provide some guidance, says Martin Malin, a labor law expert
at IIT Kent Law School. There will be great pressure now on employers,
he said, to lay down rules and guidelines for dealing with sexual
harassers. Amid these economic and legal problems, there is a larger,
more encompassing issue.
It is the issue Allison Levin recently began to
focus on: How do workers and companies get along in a workplace
where the rules have been shuffled again and again? The fruits of
the workplace uncertainty and current economic enigma -- layoffs
continue even though the jobless rate is skirting close to record-low
levels -- repeatedly appear in polls that point to workers' increasing
skepticism about their companies' loyalty toward them and their
pessimism about their future economic security and that of their
children. "The old compact between workers and their companies is
shattered. That is not going to change. It is going to continue,"
said Carl Van Horn, a political economist at Rutgers University,
who recently led a nationwide survey of workers.
"What people have to do," he said, "is figure out
how to navigate this economy and not to expect their company to
do it for them."
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